/* ==========================================================
   HowToBing — Global Design System
   Font: Poppins (headings) + Inter (body)
   Colors: Orange #FF5C00 / #FF8C42, Near-white #fafafa
   ========================================================== */

/* ── 1. CSS Custom Properties ─────────────────────────────── */
:root {
    /* Colors */
    --orange-deep: #FF5C00;
    --orange-mid: #FF7A2F;
    --orange-light: #FF8C42;
    --orange-pale: #FFF0E8;
    --orange-glow: rgba(255, 92, 0, 0.12);

    --text-primary: #1a1a1a;
    --text-secondary: #4a4a4a;
    --text-muted: #888888;
    --text-on-dark: #ffffff;

    --bg-site: #fafaf8;
    --bg-card: #ffffff;
    --bg-dark: #111111;
    --bg-dark-card: #1e1e1e;

    --border: #e8e4e0;
    --border-focus: var(--orange-deep);

    /* Typography */
    --font-heading: 'Poppins', system-ui, sans-serif;
    --font-body: 'Inter', system-ui, sans-serif;

    --text-xs: 0.75rem;
    --text-sm: 0.875rem;
    --text-base: 1rem;
    --text-lg: 1.125rem;
    --text-xl: 1.25rem;
    --text-2xl: 1.5rem;
    --text-3xl: 2rem;
    --text-4xl: 2.75rem;
    --text-5xl: 3.5rem;

    --leading-tight: 1.2;
    --leading-snug: 1.4;
    --leading-normal: 1.65;
    --leading-relaxed: 1.85;

    --fw-normal: 400;
    --fw-medium: 500;
    --fw-semi: 600;
    --fw-bold: 700;
    --fw-black: 800;

    /* Spacing */
    --space-1: 0.25rem;
    --space-2: 0.5rem;
    --space-3: 0.75rem;
    --space-4: 1rem;
    --space-5: 1.25rem;
    --space-6: 1.5rem;
    --space-8: 2rem;
    --space-10: 2.5rem;
    --space-12: 3rem;
    --space-16: 4rem;
    --space-20: 5rem;
    --space-24: 6rem;

    /* Borders & Shadows */
    --radius-sm: 0.375rem;
    --radius-md: 0.75rem;
    --radius-lg: 1.25rem;
    --radius-xl: 2rem;
    --radius-full: 9999px;

    --shadow-sm: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);
    --shadow-md: 0 4px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.10);
    --shadow-lg: 0 10px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.13);
    --shadow-orange: 0 8px 32px rgba(255, 92, 0, 0.22);

    /* Layout */
    --container: 1140px;
    --container-narrow: 760px;

    /* Transitions */
    --ease: cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    --dur-fast: 150ms;
    --dur-mid: 280ms;
    --dur-slow: 500ms;
}

/* ── 2. Reset ─────────────────────────────────────────────── */
*,
*::before,
*::after {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
    -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
    overflow-x: hidden;
    min-width: 320px;
}

body {
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: var(--text-base);
    line-height: var(--leading-normal);
    color: var(--text-primary);
    background: var(--bg-site);
    min-height: 100vh;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
    overflow-x: hidden;
    overflow-wrap: break-word;
    /* modern */
    word-wrap: break-word;
    /* legacy */
    padding: env(safe-area-inset-top, 0) env(safe-area-inset-right, 0) env(safe-area-inset-bottom, 0) env(safe-area-inset-left, 0);
    /* iOS Safe Area */
}

img,
video,
svg {
    max-width: 100%;
    display: block;
}

a {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
}

ul,
ol {
    list-style: none;
}

button {
    cursor: pointer;
    border: none;
    background: none;
    font-family: inherit;
}

input,
textarea,
select {
    font-family: inherit;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    line-height: var(--leading-tight);
    font-weight: var(--fw-bold);
    color: var(--text-primary);
}

/* ── 3. Reading Progress Bar ──────────────────────────────── */
.progress-bar {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    height: 3px;
    width: 0%;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--orange-deep), var(--orange-light));
    z-index: 9999;
    transition: width 100ms linear;
    border-radius: 0 var(--radius-full) var(--radius-full) 0;
}

/* ── 4. Navigation ────────────────────────────────────────── */
.site-header {
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 900;
    background: rgba(250, 250, 248, 0.92);
    backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
    transition: box-shadow var(--dur-mid) var(--ease);
}

.site-header.scrolled {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.nav-container {
    max-width: var(--container);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 var(--space-6);
    height: 68px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: var(--space-6);
}

/* Logo */
.nav-logo {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-3);
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-weight: var(--fw-black);
    font-size: var(--text-xl);
    color: var(--text-primary);
    flex-shrink: 0;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    transition: opacity var(--dur-fast) var(--ease);
}

.nav-logo:hover {
    opacity: 0.85;
}

.logo-icon svg {
    display: block;
}

.logo-text span {
    color: var(--orange-deep);
}

/* Nav links */
.nav-links {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-1);
    margin-left: auto;
    /* Push nav links and adjoining buttons to the extreme right */
}

.nav-link {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-weight: var(--fw-medium);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-4);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    transition: color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease);
    position: relative;
}

.nav-link::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 2px;
    left: var(--space-4);
    right: var(--space-4);
    height: 2px;
    background: var(--orange-deep);
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    transform: scaleX(0);
    transform-origin: left;
    transition: transform var(--dur-mid) var(--ease);
}

.nav-link:hover,
.nav-link.active {
    color: var(--orange-deep);
}

.nav-link:hover::after,
.nav-link.active::after {
    transform: scaleX(1);
}

/* Nav actions */
.nav-actions {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-4);
    /* Margin auto relocated to .nav-links to push both groups right */
}

/* Hamburger */
.hamburger {
    display: none;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 5px;
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
    padding: 0;
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    transition: all var(--dur-fast) var(--ease);
    cursor: pointer;
}

.hamburger:hover {
    background: var(--orange-pale);
    border-color: rgba(255, 92, 0, 0.2);
}

.hamburger span {
    display: block;
    width: 20px;
    height: 2px;
    background: var(--text-primary);
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    transition: all var(--dur-mid) var(--ease);
}

.hamburger[aria-expanded="true"] {
    background: transparent;
    border-color: transparent;
}

.hamburger[aria-expanded="true"] span:nth-child(1) {
    transform: translateY(7px) rotate(45deg);
}

.hamburger[aria-expanded="true"] span:nth-child(2) {
    opacity: 0;
}

.hamburger[aria-expanded="true"] span:nth-child(3) {
    transform: translateY(-7px) rotate(-45deg);
}

/* ── 5. Buttons ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-2);
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-weight: var(--fw-semi);
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    transition: all var(--dur-mid) var(--ease);
    text-decoration: none;
    white-space: nowrap;
    cursor: pointer;
    border: 2px solid transparent;
}

.btn-primary {
    background: var(--orange-deep);
    color: var(--text-on-dark);
    padding: var(--space-3) var(--space-6);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(255, 92, 0, 0.3);
}

.btn-primary:hover {
    background: var(--orange-mid);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-orange);
}

.btn-outline {
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--orange-deep);
    border-color: var(--orange-deep);
    padding: var(--space-3) var(--space-6);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
}

.btn-outline:hover {
    background: var(--orange-deep);
    color: var(--text-on-dark);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.btn-sm {
    padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-5) !important;
    font-size: var(--text-xs) !important;
}

.btn-lg {
    padding: var(--space-4) var(--space-10) !important;
    font-size: var(--text-base) !important;
}

/* Button Loading State */
.btn {
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.btn.is-loading {
    pointer-events: none;
    opacity: 0.85;
}

.btn.is-loading .btn-text {
    visibility: hidden;
    opacity: 0;
}

.btn.is-loading .btn-spinner {
    display: block;
    opacity: 1;
}

.btn-spinner {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    width: 20px;
    height: 20px;
    margin-top: -10px;
    margin-left: -10px;
    border: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
    border-top-color: #fff;
    border-radius: 50%;
    animation: button-spin 0.8s linear infinite;
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity var(--dur-fast) var(--ease);
}

@keyframes button-spin {
    to {
        transform: rotate(360deg);
    }
}

/* ── 6. Layout Utilities ──────────────────────────────────── */
.container {
    max-width: var(--container);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 var(--space-6);
}

.container-narrow {
    max-width: var(--container-narrow);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 var(--space-6);
}

.section {
    padding: var(--space-20) 0;
}

.section-sm {
    padding: var(--space-12) 0;
}

.section-lg {
    padding: var(--space-24) 0;
}

.text-center {
    text-align: center;
}

.text-left {
    text-align: left;
}

/* Responsive Table Wrapper */
.table-responsive {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    overflow-x: auto;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-6);
}

.section-label {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-2);
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    font-weight: var(--fw-semi);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    color: var(--orange-deep);
    background: var(--orange-pale);
    padding: var(--space-1) var(--space-4);
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.section-title {
    font-size: var(--text-3xl);
    font-weight: var(--fw-black);
    letter-spacing: -0.03em;
    line-height: var(--leading-tight);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.section-subtitle {
    font-size: var(--text-lg);
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
    max-width: 60ch;
    margin: 0 auto var(--space-10);
}

/* ── 7. Hero Section ──────────────────────────────────────── */
.hero {
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: var(--bg-dark);
    padding: var(--space-24) 0 var(--space-20);
}

.hero::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background:
        radial-gradient(ellipse 80% 70% at 70% 50%, rgba(255, 92, 0, 0.25) 0%, transparent 65%),
        radial-gradient(ellipse 50% 80% at 20% 80%, rgba(255, 140, 66, 0.15) 0%, transparent 60%);
    pointer-events: none;
}

/* Geometric decorative lines */
.hero::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    right: -80px;
    top: -80px;
    width: 500px;
    height: 500px;
    border: 1.5px solid rgba(255, 92, 0, 0.18);
    border-radius: 50%;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.hero-inner {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
    max-width: var(--container);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 var(--space-6);
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 380px;
    gap: var(--space-16);
    align-items: center;
}

.hero-eyebrow {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    font-weight: var(--fw-semi);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.15em;
    color: var(--orange-mid);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.hero-title {
    font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 6vw, var(--text-5xl));
    font-weight: var(--fw-black);
    color: var(--text-on-dark);
    line-height: 1.08;
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-6);
}

.hero-title em {
    font-style: normal;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--orange-deep), var(--orange-light));
    -webkit-background-clip: text;
    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    background-clip: text;
}

.hero-desc {
    font-size: var(--text-lg);
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
    line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
    max-width: 50ch;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-8);
}

.hero-actions {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-4);
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* Hero stats */
.hero-stats {
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--space-6);
    margin-top: var(--space-10);
    padding-top: var(--space-8);
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}


.hero-stat-num {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: var(--text-2xl);
    font-weight: var(--fw-black);
    color: var(--text-on-dark);
    line-height: 1;
}

.hero-stat-num span {
    color: var(--orange-light);
}

.hero-stat-label {
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
    margin-top: 2px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

/* Hero visual panel */
.hero-visual {
    position: relative;
}

.hero-card-preview {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: var(--space-5);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--space-4);
}

.hero-card-preview .mini-card {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.07);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    padding: var(--space-4);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--space-3);
    align-items: flex-start;
    transition: background var(--dur-mid) var(--ease);
}

.hero-card-preview .mini-card:hover {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
}

.mini-card-icon {
    width: 38px;
    height: 38px;
    background: var(--orange-glow);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 92, 0, 0.3);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.mini-card-icon svg {
    color: var(--orange-mid);
}


.mini-card-cat {
    font-size: 10px;
    font-weight: var(--fw-semi);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    color: var(--orange-mid);
    margin-bottom: 2px;
}

.mini-card-title {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    font-weight: var(--fw-semi);
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
    line-height: var(--leading-snug);
}

.mini-card-meta {
    font-size: 11px;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
    margin-top: 4px;
}

/* Stretched link utility for making entire cards clickable */
.stretched-link::after {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    z-index: 1;
    content: "";
}

/* ── 8. Post Cards ────────────────────────────────────────── */
.cards-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(320px, 1fr));
    gap: var(--space-6);
}

.cards-grid.cols-3 {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
}

.post-card {
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    transition: transform var(--dur-mid) var(--ease), box-shadow var(--dur-mid) var(--ease);
    position: relative;
}

.post-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}

.post-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--orange-deep), var(--orange-light));
    transform: scaleX(0);
    transform-origin: left;
    transition: transform var(--dur-mid) var(--ease);
}

.post-card:hover::before {
    transform: scaleX(1);
}

.post-card-thumb {
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
    object-fit: cover;
    background: var(--border);
}

.post-card-thumb-placeholder {
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--orange-pale), var(--bg-dark) 180%);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-size: 2.5rem;
}

.post-card-body {
    padding: var(--space-5) var(--space-6);
    flex: 1;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.post-card-cat {
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    font-weight: var(--fw-semi);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    color: var(--orange-deep);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-2);
}

.post-card-title {
    font-size: var(--text-xl);
    font-weight: var(--fw-bold);
    line-height: var(--leading-snug);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
    color: var(--text-primary);
    transition: color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease);
}

.post-card:hover .post-card-title {
    color: var(--orange-deep);
}

.post-card-excerpt {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
    flex: 1;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-5);
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
    line-clamp: 3;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.post-card-footer {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding-top: var(--space-4);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.post-card-meta {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-2);
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    color: var(--text-muted);
}

.post-card-meta svg {
    color: var(--text-muted);
}

.read-more-link {
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    font-weight: var(--fw-semi);
    color: var(--orange-deep);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 4px;
    transition: gap var(--dur-fast) var(--ease);
}

.read-more-link:hover {
    gap: 8px;
}

/* Featured post card */
.post-card.featured {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 420px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-xl);
}

.post-card.featured .post-card-thumb-placeholder {
    aspect-ratio: auto;
    height: 100%;
    min-height: 280px;
    border-radius: 0;
}

.post-card.featured .post-card-body {
    padding: var(--space-10) var(--space-8);
}

.post-card.featured .post-card-title {
    font-size: var(--text-3xl);
}

/* ── 9. Page Hero (inner pages) ───────────────────────────── */
.page-hero {
    background: var(--bg-dark);
    padding: var(--space-16) 0;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.page-hero::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background: radial-gradient(ellipse 60% 80% at 40% 60%, rgba(255, 92, 0, 0.2), transparent 65%);
    pointer-events: none;
}

.page-hero-inner {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
    max-width: var(--container);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 var(--space-6);
}

.page-hero-title {
    font-size: clamp(2rem, 5vw, var(--text-4xl));
    font-weight: var(--fw-black);
    color: var(--text-on-dark);
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.page-hero-title span {
    color: var(--orange-light);
}

.page-hero-desc {
    font-size: var(--text-lg);
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.65);
    max-width: 55ch;
    line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
}

/* Breadcrumb */
.breadcrumb {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-2);
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.45);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-5);
}

.breadcrumb a {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
    transition: color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease);
}

.breadcrumb a:hover {
    color: var(--orange-light);
}

.breadcrumb-sep {
    font-size: 10px;
}

/* Breadcrumb on light pages */
.breadcrumb.light {
    color: var(--text-muted);
}

.breadcrumb.light a {
    color: var(--text-secondary);
}

.breadcrumb.light a:hover {
    color: var(--orange-deep);
}

/* ── 10. CTA Section ──────────────────────────────────────── */
.cta-section {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--orange-deep) 0%, #d44400 100%);
    padding: var(--space-16) 0;
    text-align: center;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.cta-section::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    width: 700px;
    height: 700px;
    top: -350px;
    right: -200px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
    pointer-events: none;
}

.cta-section .section-title {
    color: #fff;
}

.cta-section .section-subtitle {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
    margin: 0 auto var(--space-8);
}

.btn-white {
    background: #fff;
    color: var(--orange-deep);
    padding: var(--space-4) var(--space-10);
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-weight: var(--fw-bold);
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    font-size: var(--text-base);
    transition: all var(--dur-mid) var(--ease);
    display: inline-block;
}

.btn-white:hover {
    background: var(--bg-site);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

/* ── 11. Feature / Trust Grid ─────────────────────────────── */
.features-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(220px, 1fr));
    gap: var(--space-6);
}

.feature-card {
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: var(--space-8) var(--space-6);
    transition: transform var(--dur-mid) var(--ease), box-shadow var(--dur-mid) var(--ease);
}

.feature-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.feature-icon {
    width: 52px;
    height: 52px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    background: var(--orange-pale);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-5);
}

.feature-icon svg {
    color: var(--orange-deep);
}

.feature-title {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: var(--text-base);
    font-weight: var(--fw-bold);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-2);
}

.feature-desc {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
}

/* ── 12. Tags ─────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.tag {
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    font-weight: var(--fw-semi);
    padding: 3px var(--space-3);
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    background: var(--orange-pale);
    color: var(--orange-deep);
    transition: background var(--dur-fast) var(--ease);
    letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}

.tag:hover {
    background: var(--orange-deep);
    color: #fff;
}

.tags-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: var(--space-2);
}

/* ── 13. Form Styles ──────────────────────────────────────── */
.form-group {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--space-2);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-6);
}

.form-label {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    font-weight: var(--fw-semi);
    color: var(--text-primary);
    letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}

.form-control {
    padding: var(--space-4) var(--space-5);
    border: 2px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    font-size: var(--text-base);
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    color: var(--text-primary);
    background: var(--bg);
    transition: border-color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease), box-shadow var(--dur-fast) var(--ease);
    width: 100%;
}

.form-control::placeholder {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
}

.form-control:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: var(--orange-deep);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px var(--orange-glow);
    background: var(--bg-card);
}

textarea.form-control {
    min-height: 160px;
    resize: vertical;
    line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
}

/* ── 8. Form Alert Styles ──────────────────────────────────────── */
.form-alert {
    padding: var(--space-4);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-6);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    border: 1px solid transparent;
}

.form-alert.success {
    background: rgba(46, 204, 113, 0.1);
    color: #27ae60;
    border-color: rgba(46, 204, 113, 0.3);
}

.form-alert.error {
    background: rgba(231, 76, 60, 0.1);
    color: #c0392b;
    border-color: rgba(231, 76, 60, 0.3);
}

/* Success Checkmark SVG Animation */
.success-checkmark {
    width: 64px;
    height: 64px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: block;
    stroke-width: 3;
    stroke: var(--orange-deep);
    stroke-miterlimit: 10;
    margin: 0 auto var(--space-4) auto;
    box-shadow: inset 0px 0px 0px var(--orange-deep);
    animation: check-fill .4s ease-in-out .4s forwards, check-scale .3s ease-in-out .9s both;
}

.success-checkmark-circle {
    stroke-dasharray: 166;
    stroke-dashoffset: 166;
    stroke-width: 3;
    stroke-miterlimit: 10;
    stroke: var(--orange-deep);
    fill: none;
    animation: check-stroke 0.6s cubic-bezier(0.65, 0, 0.45, 1) forwards;
}

.success-checkmark-check {
    transform-origin: 50% 50%;
    stroke-dasharray: 48;
    stroke-dashoffset: 48;
    animation: check-stroke 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.65, 0, 0.45, 1) 0.8s forwards;
}

@keyframes check-stroke {
    100% {
        stroke-dashoffset: 0;
    }
}

@keyframes check-scale {

    0%,
    100% {
        transform: none;
    }

    50% {
        transform: scale3d(1.1, 1.1, 1);
    }
}

@keyframes check-fill {
    100% {
        box-shadow: inset 0px 0px 0px 30px rgba(255, 92, 0, 0.08);
    }
}

/* ── 9. Article & Page Content ────────────────────────────── */
.prose {
    font-size: var(--text-base);
    line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    max-width: 72ch;
}

.prose h2 {
    font-size: var(--text-2xl);
    color: var(--text-primary);
    margin: var(--space-10) 0 var(--space-4);
    padding-top: var(--space-4);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.prose h2:first-child {
    border-top: none;
    margin-top: 0;
    padding-top: 0;
}

.prose h3 {
    font-size: var(--text-xl);
    color: var(--text-primary);
    margin: var(--space-8) 0 var(--space-3);
}

.prose p {
    margin-bottom: var(--space-5);
}

.prose ul,
.prose ol {
    padding-left: var(--space-6);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-5);
}

.prose ul {
    list-style: disc;
}

.prose ol {
    list-style: decimal;
}

.prose li {
    margin-bottom: var(--space-2);
}

.prose a {
    color: var(--orange-deep);
    text-decoration: underline;
    text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

.prose a:hover {
    color: var(--orange-mid);
}

.prose strong {
    font-weight: var(--fw-bold);
    color: var(--text-primary);
}

.prose blockquote {
    border-left: 4px solid var(--orange-deep);
    padding-left: var(--space-5);
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    font-style: italic;
    margin: var(--space-6) 0;
}

/* ── 15. Divider ──────────────────────────────────────────── */
.divider {
    border: none;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
    margin: var(--space-16) 0;
}

/* ── 16. Footer ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.site-footer {
    background: var(--bg-dark);
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
    padding-top: var(--space-16);
}

.footer-inner {
    max-width: var(--container);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 var(--space-6) var(--space-12);
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 240px 1fr;
    gap: var(--space-12);
    align-items: start;
}

.footer-logo {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-3);
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-weight: var(--fw-black);
    font-size: var(--text-lg);
    color: #fff;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.footer-tagline {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.45);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-6);
}

.footer-social {
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--space-3);
}

.footer-social a {
    width: 38px;
    height: 38px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
    transition: all var(--dur-mid) var(--ease);
}

.footer-social a:hover {
    background: var(--orange-deep);
    border-color: var(--orange-deep);
    color: #fff;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.footer-nav {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: var(--space-8);
}

.footer-heading {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    font-weight: var(--fw-bold);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.footer-col ul {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--space-3);
}

.footer-col ul a {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.65);
    transition: color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease);
}

.footer-col ul a:hover {
    color: var(--orange-light);
}

.footer-bottom {
    max-width: var(--container);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: var(--space-6) var(--space-6);
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.07);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: var(--space-2);
}

.footer-bottom strong {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.55);
}

/* ── 17. Back to Top ──────────────────────────────────────── */
.back-to-top {
    position: fixed;
    bottom: var(--space-6);
    right: var(--space-6);
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
    background: var(--orange-deep);
    color: #fff;
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-orange);
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    transform: translateY(14px);
    transition: all var(--dur-mid) var(--ease);
    z-index: 800;
}

.back-to-top.visible {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.back-to-top:hover {
    background: var(--orange-mid);
    transform: translateY(-3px);
}

/* ── 18. 404 Page ─────────────────────────────────────────── */
.not-found {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    text-align: center;
    padding: var(--space-24) var(--space-6);
    min-height: 70vh;
}

.not-found-num {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: clamp(6rem, 20vw, 10rem);
    font-weight: var(--fw-black);
    color: var(--border);
    line-height: 1;
    letter-spacing: -0.06em;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--orange-pale), var(--border));
    -webkit-background-clip: text;
    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    background-clip: text;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.not-found h1 {
    font-size: var(--text-2xl);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.not-found p {
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-8);
    max-width: 45ch;
}

/* ── 19. About Page Specific ──────────────────────────────── */
.about-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 340px;
    gap: var(--space-16);
    align-items: center;
}

.about-img-wrap {
    position: relative;
}

.about-img-wrap::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: -12px;
    border: 2px dashed var(--orange-light);
    border-radius: var(--radius-xl);
    opacity: 0.4;
}

.about-img {
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    width: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    aspect-ratio: 4/5;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--orange-pale), var(--border) 180%);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-size: 5rem;
}

/* ── 20. Contact Page ─────────────────────────────────────── */
.contact-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 380px;
    gap: var(--space-16);
    align-items: start;
}

.contact-info {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--space-6);
}

.contact-item {
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--space-4);
    align-items: flex-start;
}

.contact-item-icon {
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
    background: var(--orange-pale);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.contact-item-icon svg {
    color: var(--orange-deep);
}

.contact-item-label {
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom: 2px;
    font-weight: var(--fw-semi);
}

.contact-item-value {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: var(--text-secondary);
}

/* ── 21. Sticky Table-of-Contents sidebar (used in blog posts) */
.toc-sidebar {
    position: sticky;
    top: 88px;
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: var(--space-5) var(--space-6);
    max-height: calc(100vh - 120px);
    overflow-y: auto;
}

.toc-sidebar::-webkit-scrollbar {
    width: 4px;
}

.toc-sidebar::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
    background: transparent;
}

.toc-sidebar::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
    background: var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
}

.toc-title {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    font-weight: var(--fw-bold);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.toc-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--space-2);
}

.toc-list a {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    line-height: var(--leading-snug);
    transition: color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease);
    display: block;
    padding: 2px 0 2px var(--space-3);
    border-left: 2px solid transparent;
    transition: all var(--dur-fast) var(--ease);
}

.toc-list a:hover,
.toc-list a.active {
    color: var(--orange-deep);
    border-left-color: var(--orange-deep);
}

.toc-list .toc-h3 {
    padding-left: var(--space-6);
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
}

/* ── 22. Responsive Breakpoints ───────────────────────────── */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .hero-inner {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .hero-visual {
        display: none;
    }

    .about-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .contact-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .post-card.featured {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .post-card.featured .post-card-thumb-placeholder {
        min-height: 220px;
    }

    .cards-grid.cols-3 {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .nav-container {
        justify-content: space-between;
    }

    .nav-links {
        position: absolute;
        top: 100%;
        left: 0;
        right: 0;
        background: var(--bg-card);
        /* Solid background for legibility */
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
        padding: 0;
        /* Removing container padding to allow full-bleed links */
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
        box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
        transform: translateY(-10px);
        opacity: 0;
        pointer-events: none;
        transition: all var(--dur-mid) var(--ease);
        gap: 0;
        z-index: 800;
        display: none;
    }

    .nav-links.open {
        display: flex;
        transform: translateY(0);
        opacity: 1;
        pointer-events: all;
    }

    .nav-links li {
        width: 100%;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateX(-15px);
        transition: opacity 0.3s ease, transform 0.3s ease;
    }

    .nav-links.open li {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateX(0);
    }

    /* Staggered animation delays for the mobile menu list items */
    .nav-links.open li:nth-child(1) {
        transition-delay: 0.05s;
    }

    .nav-links.open li:nth-child(2) {
        transition-delay: 0.10s;
    }

    .nav-links.open li:nth-child(3) {
        transition-delay: 0.15s;
    }

    .nav-links.open li:nth-child(4) {
        transition-delay: 0.20s;
    }

    .nav-links.open li:nth-child(5) {
        transition-delay: 0.25s;
    }

    .nav-links.open li:nth-child(6) {
        transition-delay: 0.30s;
    }

    .nav-links li:last-child {
        border-bottom: none;
    }

    .nav-link {
        display: block;
        width: 100%;
        padding: var(--space-5) var(--space-6);
        /* Increased vertical padding to space-5 */
        font-size: var(--text-lg);
        color: var(--text-primary);
        font-weight: var(--fw-semi);
        transition: background 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease, padding-left 0.2s ease;
    }

    .nav-link::after {
        display: none;
        /* remove hover line effect on mobile */
    }

    .nav-link:hover,
    .nav-link.active {
        background: var(--orange-pale);
        color: var(--orange-deep);
        padding-left: calc(var(--space-6) + 6px);
        /* Slight indent animation on hover/active */
    }

    .hamburger {
        display: flex;
    }

    .nav-actions .btn {
        display: none;
    }

    .hero {
        padding: var(--space-16) 0 var(--space-12);
    }

    .section {
        padding: var(--space-12) 0;
    }

    .section-title {
        font-size: var(--text-2xl);
    }

    .cards-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .cards-grid.cols-3 {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .footer-inner {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: var(--space-10);
    }

    .footer-nav {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }

    .footer-bottom {
        flex-direction: column;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .hero-stats {
        gap: var(--space-4);
    }

    .about-img-wrap::before {
        display: none;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    :root {
        --text-5xl: 2.5rem;
    }

    .footer-nav {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .hero-actions {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
    }

    .hero-stats {
        flex-wrap: wrap;
    }
}

/* ── 23. Scroll Animations ────────────────────────────────── */
.fade-in {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(24px);
    transition: opacity var(--dur-slow) var(--ease), transform var(--dur-slow) var(--ease);
}

.fade-in.visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.fade-in-delay-1 {
    transition-delay: 100ms;
}

.fade-in-delay-2 {
    transition-delay: 200ms;
}

.fade-in-delay-3 {
    transition-delay: 300ms;
}

.fade-in-delay-4 {
    transition-delay: 400ms;
}

/* ── 24. Skip to Content (Accessibility) ──────────────────── */
.skip-link {
    position: absolute;
    top: -100%;
    left: var(--space-4);
    background: var(--orange-deep);
    color: #fff;
    padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-4);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    font-weight: var(--fw-semi);
    z-index: 9999;
    transition: top var(--dur-fast) var(--ease);
}

.skip-link:focus {
    top: var(--space-4);
}